Public Health Implications and Policy Imperatives of Smog in Sialkot

Abstract

Smog episodes in Sialkot have emerged as a major public health concern, with significant environmental and social implications. This study surveyed community awareness, health impacts, and protective behaviors across diverse neighborhoods in Sialkot. Findings show high general awareness of smog, mixed adoption of protective behaviors, and varying perceptions of health risks and mitigation strategies. Despite recognition of smog as a health hazard, protective practices remain inconsistent due to barriers such as affordability and skepticism of effectiveness. The results reveal a critical gap between knowledge and action, highlighting the need for targeted public health policies and localized interventions that address behavioral, social, and informational barriers.