Analytical studies on correlation of Obesity and Infertility with dietary habits in female community of Sialkot City

Abstract

Infertility, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is the inability of a couple to conceive following a minimum of two years of consistent, unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility can be classified as primary, when conception has never transpired, or secondary, when conception fails despite a prior pregnancy. Infertility is influenced by various causes, such as hormone imbalances, genetic predispositions, reproductive system anomalies, infections, stress, and environmental exposures; still, dietary habits and lifestyle choices are pivotal. Obesity, characterized by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m², is a significant lifestyle-related risk factor that disturbs hormonal equilibrium, hinders ovulation, and elevates the likelihood of insulin resistance, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic syndrome, all of which adversely affect fertility. Obesity has significant psychological and physiological effects, compromising reproductive health. This study evaluated the dietary state of infertile women aged 16 to 40 years visiting outpatient clinics. Of the 50 obese infertile women, 86% were diagnosed with secondary infertility, whereas 14% exhibited primary infertility. The results emphasize the substantial correlation between obesity and secondary infertility, highlighting the necessity for prompt lifestyle modifications, nutritional guidance, and weight management approaches to enhance fertility outcomes in women of reproductive age.